Tracker Status: Active/Monitoring
Publication Date: 22 February 2026
Last Verified: 13 April 2026
Latest Case Chronologically: R v Teixeira
Latest Legal Article: Introducing the Deepfake Case Law Database & Litigation Tracker
Author and Contact: Matthew Lee (Barrister) click here for details.
Ad/Marketing Communication regarding International Deepfake Case Law Database & Litigation Tracker
This legal article/report forms part of my ongoing legal commentary on the use of artificial intelligence within the justice system. It supports my work in teaching, lecturing, and writing about AI and the law and is published to promote my practice. Not legal advice. Not Direct/Public Access. All instructions via clerks at Doughty Street Chambers. This legal article concerns the International Deepfake Case Law Database & Litigation Tracker.
International Deepfake Case Law Database & Litigation Tracker
Below is the International Deepfake Case Law Database & Litigation Tracker, which is currently being updated and uploaded so please bear with me.
| No | Date | Case Name | Jurisdiction | Country | Status | Core AI Issue | Key Takeaway |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2024-08-21 | In the Matter of Lingo Telecom, LLC (EB‑TCD‑24‑00036425) (DA 24‑790) | United States – Federal (FCC) | United States | Settled | Election-interference deepfake robocalls (audio) | FCC Enforcement Bureau adopted a consent decree resolving its investigation (and the earlier proposed forfeiture notice) over Lingo’s transmission of spoofed robocalls carrying a ‘deepfake’ AI-cloned voice message, imposing a civil penalty and compliance plan. |
| 2 | 2025-09-09 | Mendones, et al. v. Cushman and Wakefield, Inc., et al. (No. 23CV028772) | United States – California | United States | Decision/Judgment | Deepfakes used as evidence (video) | Submitted evidence suspected to be GenAI ‘deepfakes’ and ultimately issued terminating sanctions for intentionally submitting false evidence. |
| 3 | 2026-02-17 | R v Teixeira | Crown Court | United Kingdom | Sentenced | AI-generated CSAM referenced in sentencing (image) | NCA reported the offender participated in online child-abuse chat groups where abusive material was shared, including AI‑generated images. He was sentenced to 11 years and 4 months’ imprisonment |
| 4 | 2025-12-11 | R v Cornelius | Crown Court | United Kingdom | Sentenced | AI-generated CSAM + prompts found (image) | An NCA investigation found the offender possessed over 43,000 indecent child images, including AI‑generated abuse material and prompts used to create AI images. He was sentenced to 3.5 years at Chester Crown Court |
| 5 | 2025-12-19 | R v Castell | Crown Court | United Kingdom | Sentenced | AI-generated CSAM creation/distribution (image) | Sussex Police reported the offender used AI image-generation software and possessed/distributed indecent child images, including an AI‑generated image. He was sentenced at Lewes Crown Court to an 18‑month prison term suspended for two years, plus a SHPO |
| 6 | 2025-04-04 | R v Brandon | Crown Court | United Kingdom | Sentenced | Non-consensual deepfake intimate images (image) | BBC reported 5 years imprisonment for creating and sharing non-consensual AI ‘deepfake’ intimate images of women he knew. |
| 7 | 2024-10-28 | R v Nelson | Crown Court | United Kingdom | Sentenced | AI-altered photos used to create CSAM (image) | CPS report the offender used AI and software to alter photographs of real children to create abusive images and distributed them online. He was sentenced at Bolton Crown Court to 18 years’ imprisonment plus extended licence |
| 8 | 2025-09-26 | eSafety Commissioner v Rotondo (No 4) [2025] FCA 1191 | Australia – Federal | Australia | Decision/Judgment | Non-consensual deepfake intimate images (image/video) | Federal Court made declarations and imposed a civil penalty after admissions that non-consensual deepfake intimate images were posted online, treating the conduct as serious and anonymising the website. |
| 9 | 2023-07-19 | United States v. Smelko (W.D. Pa.) | United States – Federal (W.D. Pa.) | United States | Decision/Judgment | Morphed/composite CSAM (“morphed material”) (image) | Court denied a motion to dismiss challenging the federal “child pornography” definition as applied to “morphed material” depicting an identifiable minor. |
| 10 | 2024-01-25 | Main Sequence, Ltd. et al. v. Dudesy, LLC et al. (C.D. Cal.) | United States – Federal (C.D. Cal.) | United States | Settled | AI-generated voice impersonation (audio) | Estate filed a civil complaint alleging use of an AI-generated or otherwise synthetic George Carlin sound-alike and script. |
| 11 | 2025-07-10 | Lehrman et al. v. Lovo, Inc., No. 1:24-cv-03770 (S.D.N.Y.) | United States – Federal (S.D.N.Y.) | United States | Decision/Judgment | Voice cloning without consent (audio) | Alleged unauthorised voice cloning; SDNY allowed several state-law and contract claims to proceed and permitted amendment on certain copyright-training claims. |
| 12 | 2023-04-14 | R. c. Larouche, 2023 QCCQ 1853 | Quebec | Quebec | Sentenced | Deepfake CSAM | Court imposed an 8-year prison sentence |
Other AI Legal Trackers
If you are looking for the other Trackers maintained on this blog, you can find those here:
AI Hallucination Cases Tracker
Judicial AI Use Tracker (How are Judges Using AI?)
AI Equality, Bias, AI Discrimination Case Tracker
Government AI Hallucination Tracker
What is the International Deepfake Case Law Database & Litigation Tracker?
It is an active legal database and monitoring tool maintained by barrister Matthew Lee. The tracker catalogs international court cases, judgments, and settlements that specifically deal with deepfakes and artificial intelligence-generated media (audio, video, and images) across various jurisdictions, including the UK, US, and Australia.
What types of legal issues are covered in the International Deepfake Case Law Database & Litigation Tracker?
The tracker covers a broad spectrum of civil, criminal, and regulatory legal issues involving synthetic media. Key topics include election-interference via AI robocalls, the submission of deepfakes as false evidence in court and unauthorised voice cloning (copyright and publicity rights).
Does the International Deepfake Case Law Database & Litigation Tracker only monitor criminal offenses?
No, the tracker includes both criminal and civil/regulatory matters. Alongside criminal convictions, it highlights civil disputes such as the George Carlin AI-impersonation lawsuit (Main Sequence, Ltd. v. Dudesy, LLC) for copyright and publicity violations, regulatory fines by the FCC for AI robocalls, and cases where civil courts have issued sanctions against parties for intentionally submitting deepfakes as false evidence.
Can I use the International Deepfake Case Law Database & Litigation Tracker as official legal advice?
No. The database and its contents are published as general legal commentary and educational reporting on the use of AI within the justice system. The site explicitly states that nothing on it constitutes legal advice, and the author (Matthew Lee) is not authorised for direct public access. Matthew can only be instructed for legal work through his clerks at Doughty Street Chambers.