How Many Times Have False Citations or AI Hallucinations Entered Judicial Decisions? A Survey of 11 Matters from the US, India, UK and South Africa

“A judgment must reflect the Judge’s considered view, rather than the output of a process that lacks transparency and in which the genesis of the conclusion remains concealed or obscure. Judicial authority must remain human, accountable and transparent.”
Opperman J, F.J.L v T.G.O (2025/220239) [2026] ZAGPJHC 875 at [65].